Career Path, skill route
Energy: 13 skills, step by step
Generation, substations, transmission, solar and storage.
New to the trade? Start with Common Foundation.
- Region
- Texas, United States
- Language
- English
- Units
- Metric
Other regions, languages and units
Texas is the first full career path. These are next. Until then, read the guide for your region.
- New South Wales, Australia: career path coming. Read the guide
- Ontario, Canada: career path coming. Read the guide
- England, United Kingdom: career path coming. Read the guide
- California, United States: career path coming. Read the guide
- Language: Traditional Chinese, coming
- Units: show US customary (imperial) or Dual units
Skills in order
Open any skill to see what it needs first, what it opens up and what to read. Skills in the same step can be learned in any order.
Step 1
Three-phase power intuition
Why three-phase exists, phase versus line voltage and common voltage levels.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: DC, AC and waveforms (Common Foundation)
Helps to know first: Power, energy and the electricity bill (W, kWh) (Common Foundation)
Opens up: International and three-phase outlet recognition, Three-phase power and power factor for plant loads, High-voltage safety and the licensing boundary, Transformers and substations
Read:
Practice this skill
How generators work (AC and DC)
How generators turn rotation into electricity by induction, and AC versus DC machines.
Needs first: Electricity and magnetism: fields, Ampere's law, induction (Common Foundation), DC, AC and waveforms (Common Foundation)
Opens up: Transmission, distribution and grid structure, How wind turbines generate electricity
Texas Journeyman exam areas: Motors and Generators (NEC Knowledge)
Read:
- How to Generate Electricity Using an AC Generator
- How Does a DC Generator Work? Parts, Principle, and Real-World Uses
Practice this skill
Free question 1: A new 7.5 kW portable generator has 125-volt, 20-ampere receptacle outlets. What protection does the NEC require for these receptacles?
- None, because the generator frame is bonded to the neutral
- Listed GFCI protection, integral to the generator or to the receptacle
- AFCI protection only
- A surge protective device
Show the answer
Answer: B. Listed GFCI protection, integral to the generator or to the receptacle
Portable generators rated 15 kW or smaller must provide listed GFCI protection for their 125-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacle outlets (the Code also covers 125/250-volt outlets), either built into the generator or into the receptacle.
Reference: NEC 445.20 (NEC 2026)
Solar PV system components
Panels, inverters, protection and grid connection, and how light becomes electricity.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: Power electronics basics: rectifiers, LEDs and inverters (Common Foundation), DC, AC and waveforms (Common Foundation)
Opens up: Grid interconnection and utility rules
Texas Journeyman exam areas: Renewable Energy Technologies (NEC Knowledge); Renewable Energy Technologies (Calculations)
Read:
Practice this skill
Free question 1: Where must the PV system disconnecting means for a rooftop solar system on a house be installed?
- At a readily accessible location
- On the roof, next to the modules only
- Inside the attic, near the inverter
- Anywhere, if a label identifies it
Show the answer
Answer: A. At a readily accessible location
The PV system disconnecting means must be installed at a readily accessible location so it can be operated without ladders or removing obstacles. Labels are required too, but they do not replace the location rule.
Reference: NEC 690.13 and 705.20 (2026 harmonized disconnect rules) (NEC 2026)
Battery principles and energy storage safety
How batteries produce current, charging and lifespan, runtime sizing and storage safety risks.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: DC, AC and waveforms (Common Foundation), Power, energy and the electricity bill (W, kWh) (Common Foundation)
Helps to know first: Respect the site: how electric shock happens (Common Foundation)
Opens up: Electric vehicles and charging infrastructure
Read:
- How Charging Current Affects Battery Life: Fast Charging, Heat, and the Real Way to Make Batteries Last Longer
- What Is a Battery? How It Works, Types, and Everyday Uses Explained
Practice this skill
Superconductors and future power technology
Zero resistance, the Meissner effect and superconductor uses in power, medicine and computing.
Needs first: Ohm's law, resistance, series and parallel (Common Foundation)
Helps to know first: Electricity and magnetism: fields, Ampere's law, induction (Common Foundation)
Read:
Step 2
High-voltage safety and the licensing boundary
High-voltage hazards, approach-distance concepts and which work requires licensed personnel.
Licensed work. This site explains the concept only. Doing the work needs the right license and supervision.
Needs first: Respect the site: how electric shock happens (Common Foundation), Three-phase power intuition
Helps to know first: Local entry and licensing pathways (Common Foundation)
Opens up: Grid interconnection and utility rules, Understanding power line work
English reading for this skill is coming.
Transformers and substations
Turns ratio, kVA sizing and why power is stepped up for transmission and down for use.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: Electricity and magnetism: fields, Ampere's law, induction (Common Foundation)
Helps to know first: Three-phase power intuition
Opens up: Transmission, distribution and grid structure
Texas Journeyman exam areas: Electrical Services, Service Equipment, and Separately Derived Systems (NEC Knowledge); Electrical Services, Service Equipment, and Separately Derived Systems (Calculations)
Read:
Practice this skill
Free question 1: Overhead service-drop conductors of a 120/240-volt, single-phase system pass over the paved driveway of a one-family dwelling. The driveway carries only passenger cars. What is the minimum vertical clearance of the conductors above the driveway?
- 10 ft
- 12 ft
- 15 ft
- 18 ft
Show the answer
Answer: B. 12 ft
For systems not over 300 volts to ground, 12 ft applies over residential property and driveways. 10 ft is limited to areas accessible to pedestrians only at not over 150 volts to ground, 15 ft applies where the voltage exceeds 300 volts to ground, and 18 ft applies over public streets, alleys and areas subject to truck traffic.
Reference: NEC 230.24(B) (NEC 2026)
Electric vehicles and charging infrastructure
EV battery, motor and controller, and what fast charging demands of the grid and chargers.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: Battery principles and energy storage safety
Helps to know first: Motor principles and types (Equipment)
Texas Journeyman exam areas: Renewable Energy Technologies (NEC Knowledge); Renewable Energy Technologies (Calculations)
Read:
- How Electric Cars Work: 5 Core Systems Explained Simply
- The Future of EV Charging: What You Need to Know About BYD 's 1MW Supercharger
Practice this skill
Step 3
Transmission, distribution and grid structure
The path from generation through transmission, substations and distribution to customers.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: How generators work (AC and DC), Transformers and substations
Opens up: How wind turbines generate electricity, Grid interconnection and utility rules, Understanding power line work, Grid dispatch and electricity market basics
Read:
- How a Transformer Works (and Where You See It Every Day) Section: Power transmission and the grid (from substation to neighborhood)
Step 4
How wind turbines generate electricity
The conversion chain from blades and gearbox to generator, converter and grid.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: How generators work (AC and DC)
Helps to know first: Transmission, distribution and grid structure
Read:
Practice this skill
Grid interconnection and utility rules
Applications, protection coordination and utility rules for connecting distributed generation.
Licensed work. This site explains the concept only. Doing the work needs the right license and supervision.
Needs first: Transmission, distribution and grid structure, High-voltage safety and the licensing boundary
Helps to know first: Solar PV system components
Read:
- How Solar Panels Work in 7 Steps: From Sunlight to Your Home's Breaker Panel Section: 3. Interconnection and your panel: how solar power reaches your home
Practice this skill
Understanding power line work
What overhead and underground line work involves, who does what (lineworker, dispatcher, supervisor), and how the work is controlled on site.
Learn the concept here. Practice hands-on only under a qualified electrician.
Needs first: Transmission, distribution and grid structure, High-voltage safety and the licensing boundary
English reading for this skill is coming.
Practice this skill
Free question 1: Overhead service-drop conductors of a 120/240-volt, single-phase system pass over the paved driveway of a one-family dwelling. The driveway carries only passenger cars. What is the minimum vertical clearance of the conductors above the driveway?
- 10 ft
- 12 ft
- 15 ft
- 18 ft
Show the answer
Answer: B. 12 ft
For systems not over 300 volts to ground, 12 ft applies over residential property and driveways. 10 ft is limited to areas accessible to pedestrians only at not over 150 volts to ground, 15 ft applies where the voltage exceeds 300 volts to ground, and 18 ft applies over public streets, alleys and areas subject to truck traffic.
Reference: NEC 230.24(B) (NEC 2026)
Grid dispatch and electricity market basics
What grid dispatch does (generation scheduling, load forecasting, reserves), how the electricity market and tariffs are structured, and how those decisions reach the site.
Needs first: Transmission, distribution and grid structure
Helps to know first: Power, energy and the electricity bill (W, kWh) (Common Foundation)
English reading for this skill is coming.
Practice this skill
Where this path leads
Jobs this route feeds into, from the U.S. Department of Labor O*NET and the European ESCO classification. Job titles and duties vary by employer and region.
- Electrical Engineers ProfessionalO*NET OnLine
- Solar Photovoltaic Installers Entry levelO*NET OnLine
- Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay TechnicianO*NET OnLine
- Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers Skilled tradeO*NET OnLine
- Wind Turbine Service Technicians SpecialistO*NET OnLine
- Power Distributors and Dispatchers TechnicianO*NET OnLine
- Power Plant Operators TechnicianO*NET OnLine
- Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators TechnicianO*NET OnLine
- Electrical engineer Professional
Electrical engineers design and develop electrical systems, electrical equipment, components, motors, and equipment with the feature of energy transmission. They engage in large scale projects such as the design and maintenance of power stations, and the distribution of power to smaller applications such as household appliances.
ESCO - Electric power generation engineer Professional
Electric power generation engineers design and develop systems which generate electrical power, and develop strategies for the improvement of existing electricity generation systems. They strive to conciliate sustainable solutions with efficient and affordable solutions
ESCO - Substation engineer Professional
Substation engineers design medium and high voltage substations used for the transmission, distribution, and generation of electrical energy. They develop methods for the efficient operation of the energy process, and ensure compliance to safety and environmental standards.
ESCO - Energy assessor Technician
Energy assessors determine the energy performance of buildings. They produce an energy rating or certificate that indicates the estimated energy consumption of a property.
ESCO - Energy conservation officer Technician
Energy conservation officers promote the conservation of energy in both residential homes as in businesses. They advise people on ways to reduce their power consumption by enforcing energy efficiency improvements and implementing energy demand management policies.
ESCO - Power lines supervisor Supervisor
Power lines supervisors monitor the construction and maintenance of power lines and associated equipment. They assign tasks and take quick decisions to resolve problems.
ESCO - Power production plant operator Technician
Power production plant operators maintain and operate the equipment in power stations and other energy production plants. They repair faults, operate machinery directly or from a control room, and handle materials related to electricity production in compliance with safety and environmental procedures
ESCO - Electrical transmission system operator Technician
Electrical transmission system operators transport energy in the form of electrical power. They transmit electrical power from generation plants over an interconnected network, an electrical grid, to electricity distribution stations.
ESCO - Solar power plant operator Technician
Solar power plant operators operate and maintain equipment which produce electrical energy from solar power. They monitor measuring equipment to ensure the safety of operations, and that the production needs are met
ESCO - Solar energy technician Specialist
Solar energy technicians install and maintain systems that collect solar energy. They prepare the necessary fixtures, often on roofs, install solar panels, and plug them into an electronic system including an inverter to connect the solar energy systems to the electricity lines.
ESCO - Wind turbine technician Specialist
Wind turbine technicians maintain and repair wind turbines by performing diagnostic inspections, analysing faults, and performing repair duties. They ensure the wind turbines operate in compliance with regulations, and assist the wind engineers in the construction of wind turbines
ESCO - Electricity distribution worker Skilled trade
Electricity distribution workers construct and maintain electric power transmission and distribution systems. They maintain and repair powerlines, compliant with safety regulations.
ESCO
This page includes information from O*NET OnLine by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA.
Skill routes: 1 + 6
The branches. Everyone starts with Common Foundation. The six routes run side by side, so you can grow in more than one. Inside a route, skills stack: later steps need the earlier ones.
- Common FoundationSafety habits and electrical basics every route starts with
- ConstructionTurn the drawings into conduit, wiring and equipment on site
- RepairFind the cause of a fault through observation and measurement concepts
- EquipmentUnderstand why motors, control panels and machines run or stop
- SystemsConnect power, signals, networks and device configuration
- EnergyGeneration, substations, transmission, solar and storage
- ManagementDrawings, quantity take-off, schedule and crew coordination
Back to the Texas license ladder
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